Ethics for Authors

Maintaining Research Results

The results of research should be recorded and maintained in a form that allows analysis and review, both by collaborators before publication and by other scientists for a reasonable period after publication. Exceptions may be appropriate in certain circumstances to preserve privacy, to assure patent protection, or for similar reasons. Fabrication of data is an egregious departure from the expected norms of scientific conduct, as is the selective reporting of data with the intent to mislead or deceive, as well as the theft of data or research results from others.

Publication and Authorship

The authors’ central obligation is to present a concise, accurate account of the research performed as well as an objective discussion of its significance. A paper should contain sufficient detail and references to public sources of information to permit others to repeat the work. Proper acknowledgment of the work of others used in a research project must always be given. Authors should cite publications that have been influential in determining the nature of the reported work. Information obtained privately, as in conversation, correspondence, or discussion with third parties, should not be used or reported without explicit permission from the investigator with whom the information originated. Information obtained in the course of confidential services, such as refereeing manuscripts or grant applications, cannot be used without permission of the author of the work being used. Authors must obtain permission for use of any previously published materials from the original publisher. Proof of permission must be provided before manuscripts containing previously published material can be published. Proper credit lines for all previously published material must be included in the manuscript. Guidelines for requesting permission for reuse of published materials Re-use of Material from Conference Proceedings AIP Publishing allows authors to make fair and reasonable re-use of material from their conference proceedings article. Such re-use must keep with the standards and ethics of scientific publishing. As a rule, conference proceedings must be viewed in the same way as any other publication, and re-use of such materials must follow the standard ethical principles that apply to duplicate publication. Whether the new submission meets a journal’s standards will depend on the degree of overlap with the prior publication and the nature of the new material. The editors of the journals will decide whether an author has applied “fair and reasonable” re-use standards or whether an article derived from a conference proceeding has enough additional material to warrant a new publication. Authors who derive a journal article from their proceedings paper must obtain copyright permission from the original publisher if figures or tables are reused and should include a citation to their proceedings paper.

Author List and Coauthor Notification

Authorship should be limited to those who have made a significant contribution to the concept, design, execution, or interpretation of the research study. All those who have made significant contributions should be offered the opportunity to be listed as authors. Other individuals who have contributed to the study should be acknowledged, but not identified as authors. The sources of financial support for the project should be disclosed. All collaborators share some degree of responsibility for any paper they coauthor and are responsible for verifying the content in the manuscript and that the manuscript adheres to ethical and plagiarism guidelines. Only persons who have significantly contributed to the research should be listed as authors. The author who submits the paper for publication should ensure that all appropriate coauthors and no inappropriate coauthors are included on the paper, and that all coauthors have seen the final version of the paper and have agreed to its submission for publication. ChatGPT and similar AI-based large language models should not be listed as an author. As with other instrumentation and software, the use of AI-based large language models such as ChatGPT should be disclosed to editors and reviewers, particularly if they are used to generate significant amounts of text in the manuscript. Authors should provide this information in the appropriate section of their manuscript and to the editor with their submission. Some coauthors have responsibility for the entire paper as an accurate, verifiable report of the research. These include, for example, coauthors who are accountable for the integrity of the critical data reported in the paper, carry out the analysis, write the manuscript, present major findings at conferences, or provide scientific leadership for junior colleagues. Other coauthors may have responsibility mainly for specific, limited contributions to a paper. Every coauthor should have the opportunity to review the manuscript before it is submitted for publication. All coauthors have an obligation to provide prompt retractions or correction of errors in published works. Any individual unwilling or unable to accept appropriate responsibility for a paper should not be a coauthor.

Author Obligations

• The corresponding author must have the approval of all other listed authors for the submission and publication of all versions of the manuscript.
• Anyone who has made independent contributions to the manuscript should be invited to become a coauthor.
• The submitted manuscript must contain unpublished original work and not be under consideration for publication by any other journal, other than in oral, poster or abstract formats. Duplicate publications are never acceptable.
• The authors’ central obligation is to present a concise, accurate account of the research and an objective discussion of its significance. A paper should contain sufficient detail and references to public sources of information to permit others to repeat the work.
• Plagiarism or self-plagiarism constitutes unethical scientific behavior and is never acceptable.
• Any part of the submitted manuscript that derives from prior published work, including work by the same authors, must be properly cited.
• Fragmentation of research papers is not acceptable. Publications should be organized so that each paper gives a complete account of a particular aspect of the research.
• Criticism of a paper in either a Comment or article must be professional, substantive, and free of polemics.
• If any of the preceding guidelines ceases to be true, the authors have a duty to notify the Editor as soon as possible so that corrective action can be taken.

Plagiarism Policy

Plagiarism Policy

PRETP: Editorial board recognizes that plagiarism is not acceptable and therefore establishes the following policy stating specific actions (penalties) when plagiarism is identified in an article that is submitted for publication in journal.
Definition: Plagiarism involves the "use or close imitation of the language and thoughts of another author and the representation of them as one's own original work."
Policy: Papers must be original, unpublished, and not pending publication elsewhere. Any material taken verbatim from another source needs to be clearly identified as different from the present original text by (1) indentation, (2) use of quotation marks, and (3) identification of the source. Any text of an amount exceeding fair use standards (herein defined as more than two or three sentences or the equivalent thereof) or any graphic material reproduced from another source requires permission from the copyright holder and, if feasible, the original author(s) and also requires identification of the source; e.g., previous publication. When plagiarism is identified, the Editor in Chief responsible for the review of this paper and will agree on measures according to the extent of plagiarism detected in the paper in agreement with the following guidelines:
Level of Plagiaris 1. Minor: A short section of another article is plagiarized without any significant data or idea taken from the other paper
2. Intermediate: A significant portion of a paper is plagiarized without proper citation to the original paper
3. Severe: A significant portion of a paper is plagiarized that involves reproducing original results or ideas presented in another publication
It is understood that all authors are responsible for the content of their submitted paper as they all sign the Copyright Transfer Form. If a penalty is imposed for plagiarism, all authors will be subject to the same penalty. If a second case of plagiarism by the same author(s) is identified, a decision on the measures to be enforced will be made by the Editorial board (Editor-in-Chief, and Editorial members) with the Chair of the Editor in Chief. The author(s) might be forbidden to submit further articles forever.
This policy applies also to material reproduced from another publication by the same author(s). If an author uses text or figures that have previously been published, the corresponding paragraphs or figures should be identified and the previous publication referenced. A sentence shall be added to the copyright transfer form to indicate that the author(s) have read the Plagiarism Policy.
Any act of plagiarism is a totally unacceptable academic misconduct and cannot be tolerated. The conference team will be checking the plagiarism level of all the submitted papers for ensuring the originality of content using iThenticate with an acceptable limit of 20%.

The manuscript should follow the IMRaD format PUBLICATION